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Paranormal Investigator Lorraine Warren Dies At 92

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Monroe, Conn. (AP) -- World-wide paranormal investigator and author Lorraine Warren, whose decades of ghost-hunting cases with her late husband inspired such frightening films as "The Conjuring" series and "The Amityville Horror," died. She was 92.

Warren's son-in-law Tony Spera and grandson Chris McKinnell posted Friday on Facebook that Warren died in her sleep Thursday night at her Connecticut home. Phone messages and emails were left with several of Warren's family members. Warren's attorney, Gary Barkin, confirmed his client's death via email to The Associated Press.

"She was a remarkable, loving, compassionate and giving soul," Spera wrote.

The Warrens founded the New England Society for Psychic Research in Monroe, Connecticut, in 1952 to investigate suspected hauntings. The group also posted of her passing on Facebook.

During their 61 years of marriage, Lorraine and Ed Warren investigated more than 10,000 cases in the U.S. and abroad, often writing about their experiences. Their unusual profession has been credited with sparking popular interest in the paranormal, as well as the television shows and films now dedicated to the subject.

"When nobody was really even talking about ghosts, they were just two people from Bridgeport, Connecticut, who came together and fell in love and Ed happened to have had a lot of paranormal instances when he was growing up and Lorraine was always the sensitive clairvoyant," said Larry Dwyer, a staff writer at the Horror News Network, a website that covers the horror film industry. He said the couple realized they could use their "gifts" and Catholic faith to help people who believed they were being tormented by ghosts or demons.

Ed Warren died in 2006 and Spera now oversees the New England Society for Psychic Research. The organization's website said Lorraine Warren had "decided to retire from active investigations regarding the areas of haunted homes and demonic infestations/possessions" but was still a consultant to the organization at the time of her death.

The Warrens' work did receive criticism from doubters over the years. The New England Skeptical Society in 1997 said the Warrens' "copious anecdotal evidence" of reports of hauntings vastly outnumbered their "low-grade physical evidence."

Warren told The AP in a 2013 interview that she understood it was very difficult for people to accept she could see ghosts if they had never seen one themselves.

"I hope you never will," she said. "I really don't."

The 2013 film "The Conjuring" is based on the couple's investigation into alleged events at a Rhode Island farmhouse in the 1970s. Lorraine Warren visited the set during the filming. She also spent time at her Connecticut home with actress Vera Farmiga, who portrays Warren in the movie and its sequels. Farmiga expressed her condolences on Twitter Friday, saying she was "blessed to have known" Warren and "honored to portray her."

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-19/paranormal-investigator-lorraine-warren-dies-at-92

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Singaporeans Have Been Praying to Trees For Over 200 Years. Here’s Why

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Spend some time exploring Singapore and you are bound to stumble upon a tree shrine.They are not always the largest trees or the most exotic, but you know them when you see them. White Styrofoam packets surround their gnarly trunks, and you might notice the distinct odour of incense, rising from a red wooden altar.

 

The first one I encountered was Ang Mo Kio Ave 4’s so-called ‘4-D Tree’, which appeared suddenly in the mid-2000s, in the field behind my old house.

Overnight and seemingly without cause, devotees began flocking to the tree in droves. They burned joss sticks, offered packets of food, and covered its low-hanging branches with colourful scraps of cloth. Chairs mushroomed from the grass so that the old uncles—always a core tree shrine demographic—could sit and wait; until one fine day, when LTA arrived and decided that YES, this is the perfect spot for a new MRT station.

 

So the DANGER-KEEP OUT signs went up, and NEA arrived to remove the tree, along with all our hopes of an early retirement.

 

However, the mystery—and my curiosity—remained. I never figured out why so many people were suddenly convinced of the tree’s sacred nature. What was the connection to 4-D? Or for that matter, why do people worship these seemingly ordinary trees at all?

 

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The Red Herring Of Toa Payoh

 

 

Of all the tree shrines in Singapore, there is none more famous than the God Tree Shrine Of Toa Payoh Blk 177, whose antics have been covered by every media outlet from ST to Mothership.

 

Unlike most other makeshift shrines which acquire their divinity rather haphazardly, Toa Payoh’s God Tree Shrine is a registered place-of-worship with its own security, ‘trustees’, and charitable services. Nestled within the perpetual bustle of Toa Payoh town centre, it is situated on a spacious pavilion and kept scrupulously tidy by Manager Mr. Pan (no relation to the author) and caretaker Mdm. Yeo, whose mother also cared for the shrine until her passing a few years ago.

The entire operation is overseen by the Toa Payoh Merchants Association, who took over its ‘operations’ in 2013, when the God Tree collapsed and its previous CEO ‘fled’. They perform most of the duties, which range from collecting donations to pest control.

Given its fame, popularity and relatively well-documented history, I thought it would be a good launchpad to learn more about tree shrines in Singapore.

This logic—as I soon learned—would turn out to be total bullshit. In fact, the opposite is true. The shrine is so well-established and so built-up that few devotees even register the presence of a sprawling Banyan.

One Malaysian woman who visits the shrine every day told me that she prays at the God Tree Shrine because it is more accurate (‘zhun’) than others. Most devotees, however, know nothing about the tree except that it ‘has been there for a long long time’.

 

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The shrine’s custodians couldn’t help either. All of them also deferred to the others and I was led around in a circle. Mdm. Yeo pleaded ignorance and referred me to the Merchants Association, who also confessed ignorance and directed me to Mr. Pan, whom they considered the foremost authority because he has read ‘The Book’.

 

“Catch him when he comes around in the afternoon,” everyone said.

However, Mr. Pan proved no more knowledgeable than the rest when I finally tracked him down on a Saturday afternoon. After shaking my hand, he shrugs and tells me that ‘nobody knows how this tree came to be worshipped’. ‘The Book’—which had by then acquired the status of a Dead Sea Scroll in my mind—turns out to be an NHB-produced leaflet with half a page on ‘Tree Shrine of Blk 177’.

It retells the familiar Bulldozer story of 1965, when the tree defied PAP economic policy by halting several bulldozers in their tracks. Monks sent in to appease the tree proved helpless and the developers eventually gave up and built around the tree.

After the plans fell through, a small statue of Guan Yin was placed in the Banyan’s hollow, and Ci Ern Ge—the God Tree Shrine’s original name—was born.

 

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Ci Ern Ge's caretaker
This story is more or less what the media reported in 2013, but it is not the whole story. One useful historical detail seems to have escaped notice. As it turns out, the God Tree Shrine was revered even before the Bulldozer incident. According to the leaflet’s author Mr Alvin Chua—current whereabouts unknown—it was one of the six divine trees (‘Shen Shus’) revered by the local kampung residents before Toa Payoh became a town.

 

This, of course, raises more questions than it answers. One solitary god tree could be dismissed as a superstition, but six god trees indicate a wider system of belief.

 

The Keramat Connection

 

 

Although most tree shrines are currently Chinese, this wasn’t always the case. As it turns out, this tradition or practice has its roots in Malay culture, and we need to understand something of South-East Asian history in order to decipher the tree shrine’s origins.

 

Hold tight for some history.

Many of the ‘Chinese’ tree shrines in Singapore are dedicated to a deity in the Taoist pantheon called Na Tuk Gong. The Toa Payoh shrine has an altar for Na Tuk Gong, as do other shrines like the makeshift one found in Joo Chiat’s Tembeling Road (in a carpark, under a Banyan tree).

The strange thing is, Na Tuk Gong cannot be found in China, Taiwan or any of the East Asian countries with strong Taoist traditions. This is because Na Tuk Gong is actually a mispronunciation of ‘Datuk’, and the Chinese who worship Na Tuk Gong/Datuk started out by worshipping the Malay/Muslim Keramats of South-East Asia.

 

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Inside Keramat Kusu
Keramat refers to the final resting place of a Muslim ‘saint’, who has achieved his/her holiness either through birth or ‘remorseless prayer’. In life, they were exemplary; in death, they are venerated. Over time, their final resting places have become holy shrines/hallowed ground where devotees offer food and prayers in the hopes of attaining grace or blessing.

 

Although many of the Keramats like the Keramat Siti Maryam (Kallang) have been demolished to make way for ‘progress’, most are still around today. Notable examples include Keramat Kusu (Kusu Island), Keramat Sharifah Rogayah (Duxton Park), and Keramat Iskandar Shah (Fort Canning/Bukit Larangan).

So why did Chinese people worship the Keramat?

According to Mr Ong Kian Sin, a Taoist priest, the answer is relatively simple. Chinese people, he jokes, have a habit of worshipping all and sundry.

Taoist tradition reveres ‘Tu Di Gong’ or guardian deities who hold sway in a specific geographical locale. In South-East Asia, these deities would naturally be Malay rather than Chinese. Hence, the first Chinese migrants to South-East Asia began praying and making offerings to Keramats, which they understood to be the local ‘guardian deities’.

Over time, the honorific ‘Datuk’—which was used to address the Keramats—became ‘Na Tuk’, and the practice was absorbed into mainstream Taoism in the same way that Guanyin was absorbed from Buddhism.

 

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Keramat Kusu's entrance
There is plenty of evidence to support Mr. Ong’s story. Professor Lucy Davis from the Aalto University and Dr. Cheu Tock Hong from NUS both support this hypothesis, and you can just take the ferry to Kusu Island to witness the cultural cross-pollination for yourself.

 

On arrival, make your way up the hill and you will chance upon a unique sight: a bright yellow building which houses both a Datuk Kong temple and three Malay Keramats.

These Keramats were originally built in 1816 to honour a pious family: Syed Abdul Rahman, his mother Nenek Ghalib, and his sister Puteri Fatimah. Over time, however, the keramat tradition blended with Taoist beliefs, and ‘Datuk Kong’ was added to Keramat Kusu’s signage for the benefit of Chinese pilgrims.

In November every year, during the Kusu Pilgrimage, they climb the 152 steps up to Keramat Kusu so that both Nenek and Na Tuk Gong are rightly honoured—with incense, food, and prayer.

 

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The tree where wishes were made is gone, but many scraps of cloth are still attached to the trunk.
Wait a minute—I hear you ask—what on earth does this have to do with tree shrines?

 

The answer is nothing and everything. Although the keramat is *supposed* to be a grave in the Sufi (Islamic Mysticism) tradition, there is strong evidence to suggest they started life otherwise. Just as Na Tuk Gong shrines evolved from Keramats, research suggests that the Keramat is itself the offspring of older ‘tree shrines’ which were worshipped long before the arrival of Islam in South-East Asia.

According to Muhammad Faisal Husni, who wrote his masters thesis on the history of keramats, there is a strong connection between the Keramats and their immediate environment. In his dissertation ‘The Grave That Became a Shrine’, he notes that many of the Keramats in Singapore are situated in unusual locations. They are often sited on top of a small hill, next to water, or, more often than not, under the shade of towering Banyans.

Examples abound. Keramat Kusu is located in a thicket so dense you cannot glimpse the sea even though it is barely 50m away. Next to the three Keramats and the Datuk Kong shrine is a towering Banyan draped with pieces of cloth. After burning incense and offering packets of Pulut Kuning (saffron rice) to the Datuk, Kusu pilgrims write their wishes/prayers on bolts of cloth to be tied to the tree’s branches.

Likewise for Keramat Bukit Kasita and the now-destroyed Keramat Siti Maryam. The former is surrounded by massive Banyans just like its Kusu cousin, and the latter boasts an even stronger connection to nature. The tree that once watched over Keramat Siti Maryam is described as ‘central’ to the shrine complex, and Wak Aiyim—the shrine’s longtime custodian—was vocal about its importance.

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In an oral history interview organised by the NUS Museum, he told American researcher Teren Sevea, “This space of Keramat is sacred, dense with supernatural beings, plants with fortune-altering spirits reside—whoever doesn’t believe about the Wali Allah (friend of god) should listen to the leaves.”

 

Mr. Husni writes that trees are not just ‘living altars’ for devotees to worship, but an element as integral to Keramat’s holiness as the bodies interred beneath. After all, Malay tradition holds trees in high regard. Some trees are said to be the home of spirits, and all trees possess ‘Semangat’ (Soul substance) under the framework of earlier, pre-Islamic beliefs.

Hence, Faisal suggests that these spaces are clearly sacred, and the graves might have served to ‘legitimise the earlier worship of these spaces but in a different form’.

In other words, the ‘Muslim saint’ narrative might have been added to lend a veneer of Islamic propriety to a space that was already sacred to begin with. Or as Dr. P.J Rivers describes in an earlier essay entitled ‘Keramat in Singapore in the mid-twentieth century’: “Belief in sacred hills, trees or stones grew about such objects and then refocused on a convenient burial site identified with apocryphal saints.”

 

God Is Living In Everything

 

 

I wish I could stop here because I am exhausted and this article is already very long, but it would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the Hindu connection. There is good evidence to suggest that the aforementioned belief in ‘sacred hills, trees or stones’ was strongly influenced by Hindu practices, which arrived in South-East Asia before Islam or large-scale Chinese migration. After all, both the Majapahit empire of Java and the Srivijayan kingdom based in Sumatra were Hindu-Buddhist in their beliefs.

 

Given their power and reach, it’s hard to believe they did not leave a mark upon the cultural landscape.

Unlike other religions in Singapore, Hinduism has a direct connection to trees and tree shrines. MUIS has an uneasy relationship with the keramats because such saints are contentious in ‘mainstream’ Islam. If you ask a Taoist or Buddhist Priest, they will likely tell you—as Mr Ong told me—that tree shrines are part of Singapore’s ‘folk beliefs’. They are tolerated but they do not have a place in the official theology.

In Hinduism, however, trees are revered and worshipped without controversy. As Dr. Vasudeva Battachar—Chief Priest of Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple—explains, Hinduism worships the Supreme Power, which can take on different forms like trees, animals, or even elements like fire. This power is worshipped in different forms to get different things, he tells me.

Sensing my confusion, he uses the metaphor of electricity; a power which we experience in many different forms—like cool air from the air-conditioner, light from a bulb, or sound from a karaoke microphone.

Trees are an aspect of this supreme power, which can manifest in different forms.

“God is living in everything. This is our philosophy. You do not need to go to any particular place to see the gods. If you feel that god is here, then god is here. If you are praying to the tree, then god is in the tree,” he explains.

 

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Everton Park, along Blair Road. Image by author.
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MP Indranee Rajah to Singapore Land Authority. Image by author.
Although there are no sacred trees in the vicinity of Sri Srinivasa Perumal temple, you can find ‘Hindu’ tree shrines in the more remote parts of Singapore. This belief in the sacredness of all creation can be witnessed first-hand in Everton Park, inside a construction site where they were building the now-postponed High-Speed Rail.

 

Inside, you will find a large Banyan growing from a concrete pedestal, with pictures of cobras nailed to the trunk and an MP’s letter pasted below. According to the letter, there was once here  a ‘temple’ to Lord Muneeswaran. It had been around for at least 30 years, until it was ‘pulled down’ to make way for development.

A petitioner, a longtime resident of Tanjong Pagar, later sought help from MP Indranee Rajah because the temple’s destruction had caused ‘great pain and distress’ to the community of devotees. She then requested an opportunity to restore this sacred temple at the same location—a request which appears to have been granted, judging by how the tree is cordoned off by metal fences.

 

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Lim Chu Kang Hindu Cemetery
Similarly, there is another Hindu tree shrine on the edge of Lim Chu Kang’s Hindu cemetery. If you wander off the dirt path and head into the undergrowth, you will stumble upon a pair of trees with faces painted upon their trunks in bright colours. They face each other over a small cement platform, upon which offerings are placed and shoes must be removed.

 

Mr. Marwan, a devotee I encountered, informs me that they are ‘abodes’ for Kali-ma and Muniyadi, an earth deity. It is his second visit to this particular shrine, but he has been meaning to visit for the longest time.

When I show Chief Priest Vasudeva a photograph of the shrines, he doesn’t even raise an eyebrow. Such shrines, he explains, exist for the convenience of devotees, and praying to them is no different from praying at a temple or at home. The only difference, he claims, is the higher concentration of power in temples—a result of the many mantras which are chanted in the main sanctum day and night.

 

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Some of the offerings in Lim Chu Kang
So is it possible that the sacredness of keramats may have been influenced by Hindu traditions?

 

Barring the invention of a time machine, we will never know for sure. However, most Keramat scholars believe in some degree of religious intermingling. In Singapore and Malaysia, Hindu devotees often visit Na Tuk Kong shrines and Keramats. In Ampang, for instance, there is a ‘Hindu Datuk’ named Mimisan whose shrine is described in Tamil. Closer to home, the Joo Chiat Na Tuk Gong shrine is apparently very popular with Hindu devotees. The local residents I spoke to invariably described the Na Tuk Gong shrine as ‘a tree popular with Indians’.

Likewise, non-Hindu visitors to Keramats often adopt practices found mainly in Hinduism, like offering flower garlands and ritually consuming the ‘leftover’ food on the altar.

As Muhammad Faisal Husni notes in his dissertation, this is not dissimilar to the Hindu practice of Prasad, where food is first offered to the gods before they are consumed, in an act meant to symbolise a devotee’s humility before a ‘higher’ power.

Hence, he concludes, “It is possible that vestiges of pre-Islamic Indian and Hindu culture still remain—whether still recognisable or not—in the practices of Muslims in Singapore, especially the Indian Muslim community.”

 

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Kusu Island's other tree shrine, in the Tua Pek Kong Temple.
In the course of writing this article, I also visited Jurong West St.22, where a Monkey God Tree once attracted crowds of Indian and Chinese visitors after the likeness of Hanuman appeared on its bark.

 

Today, the bananas are gone, and there is not a single devotee in sight. One of the shopkeepers nearby who knew of its existence only laughed when I asked about it.

“Aiya, you know what Singaporeans are like!” he exclaimed.

The sentiment is understandable but misguided. There’s more to Singapore’s tree shrines than just superstition or a desire to strike 4-D.  

Just as a tree’s rings can help to decipher a region’s natural history, tree shrines tell us about the history of Singapore itself. They are a living chronicle; of Hinduism’s intermixing with older animist beliefs, of Islam’s arrival in SEA, of the Chinese migrants who came ashore, adopted these beliefs, and blended them with traditions of home.

And of our latter-day god: 4-D.

Sadly, however, many of Singapore’s tree shrines are disappearing. Keramat Siti Maryam and Keramat Syed Yasin have been exhumed and moved. Likewise, other shrines in North Bridge Road, Lornie Road, and Leonie Hill seem to have vanished without a trace; the only evidence that they once existed are grainy photographs stored in the National Archives.

 

 

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Jurong West's Monkey God Tree
While some have no doubt faded from memory due to a lack of devotees, others have been cleared to make way for ‘redevelopment’. Land, as always, is scarce in Singapore, and history has become a luxury we cannot afford.

 

This—to me—is a terrible shame because there is no better symbol of Singapore’s multiculturalism. Not the rah-rah, cringe-y version that is constantly being shoved down our throats, but an ‘organic’ multiculturalism: born of lived realities and so thoroughly interwoven that you cannot tell where Hinduism ends and Taoism begins. (If anything can be said to have ‘ended’ at all.)

So pause and take a look the next time you come across a humble tree shrine. They might not look like much, but their roots are strong and far-reaching, extending deep into our shared history.

 

https://www.ricemedia.co/culture-singaporeans-praying-trees-200-years-heres-why/?fbclid=IwAR2b_emtvUbT3iOzU8N3paszcdADerIq-z9luu5WcBY-Q7bpUKc0Ylv9LY4

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The US government has officially recognised The Satanic Temple as a religion

The US government has officially recognised The Satanic Temple as a religion

May 8th 2019

News

by: Stefan Armitage

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It's time to say your prayers, because there's a new religion in America!

 

For those who aren't too keen on Satan, this probably won't come as the best of news. But for those who do like Satan and Satan-adjacent deities (I don't know any, specifically, but I'm assuming they're cloven-hoofed beings with horns), it is time to rejoice - because The Satanic Temple has officially been granted tax-exempt status by the IRS, according to a post on the religious group's official Instagram account.

 

This essentially means that the Satanic Temple now has the same legal protections that other religions - such as Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism - are granted. 

These protections include, "access to public spaces as other religious organizations; affirming its standing in court when battling religious discrimination; and enabling The Satanic Temple to apply for faith-based government grants", according to a press release reported by Rolling Stone.

In addition, this new ruling will help the religious group achieve more coverage in the press and media - and combined with a new documentary film about the rise of The Satanic Temple and enigmatic leader Lucien Greaves, the group are receiving more attention than ever.

 

Check out the trailer for the new documentary, Hail Satan?

 

The Satanic Temple has previously been rejected on their pursuit of tax-exempt status, but the church's co-founder and president Lucien Greaves reversed this stance in 2017 after President Trump signed a "religious freedom" executive order.

In the Satanic Temple newsletter (sign me up!), Greaves wrote:

"As 'the religious' are increasingly gaining ground as a privileged class, we must ensure that this privilege is available to all, and that superstition doesn’t gain exclusive rights over non-theistic religions or non-belief." 

Lucien Greaves, spokesman for The Satanic Temple. Credit: Getty

 

Greaves (pictured above), also said that the group should move to ensure that, "atheistic and secular non-profits, advancing a distinct religious opinion and/or opinion upon religion, are themselves rightful beneficiaries of religious tax exemption as well."

In the documentary, Greaves introduces an 8-foot, 6-inch bronze statue of a goat-headed, winged icon called Baphomet.

The statue of Baphomet serves as quite the attraction for Satanists, but when asked if he considers the monument to be holy, Greaves replied with a statement about the "loaded terminology" of religion, saying they do not "worship" Satan in any way as they are independent individuals:

"Words like 'spiritual' or 'holy', I think - one of the first things that people need to realise about us is that we don't advocate for any supernatural beliefs. We're a nontheistic religion. We don't subscribe to supernatural explanations or accept them as legitimate.

 

"This idea of worship, it's usually kind of insulting to people who identify with Satanism, because that implies a sense of servility. Satanism is about personal sovereignty and independence and freedom of will."

The documentary also focuses on how The Satanic Temple was founded back in 2013 as something of a joke by just three people, but now has approximately 50,000 followers in chapters all over the world.

 

 

On their official site, The Satanic Temple state:

"The mission of The Satanic Temple is to encourage benevolence and empathy among all people, reject tyrannical authority, advocate practical common sense and justice, and be directed by the human conscience to undertake noble pursuits guided by the individual will.

 

"Politically aware, Civic-minded Satanists and allies in The Satanic Temple have publicly opposed The Westboro Baptist Church, advocated on behalf of children in public school to abolish corporal punishment, applied for equal representation where religious monuments are placed on public property, provided religious exemption and legal protection against laws that unscientifically restrict women's reproductive autonomy, exposed fraudulent harmful pseudo-scientific practitioners and claims in mental health care, and applied to hold clubs along side other religious after school clubs in schools besieged by proselytizing organizations."

 

http://vt.co/news/us/the-us-government-has-officially-recognised-the-satanic-temple-as-a-religion/?utm_source=vt&utm_medium=junglecreations&utm_campaign=post&fbclid=IwAR3hGxwHO2FiMomjTKUo7A5CjJDKqMX4sPDX0jC73oH2rx-Yf14FHBMX8n4

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